PAG 5.1: Synthesis of a Haloalkane
Synthesis of a haloalkane from an alcohol
- Measure 8 cm3 of 2-methylpropan-2-ol in a measuring cylinder
- Pour the 2-methylpropan-2-ol into a separating funnel
- Using a fume hood, add 20 cm3 of concentrated hydrochloric acid to the separating funnel in small portions of 2 - 3 cm3 making sure to release the pressure by opening the stopper after each addition
- Leave the separating funnel to stand in the fume hood for 20 minutes and gently shake the separating funnel at 2 minute intervals
- Allow the layers to separate and dispose of the lower aqueous layer by opening the tap
- Add sodium hydrogen carbonate solution in small portions to the funnel and gently shake the funnel, again, release the pressure at regular intervals
- This removes acidic impurities
- Once these layers have separated, open the tap once more and dispose of the aqueous layer
- Pour the organic layer into a clean dry conical flask and add two spatulas of anhydrous magnesium sulfate
- This will remove water
- Once clear, decant the liquid into distillation apparatus
- Distill the liquid and collect the distillate in the range of 47 - 53 oC
A separating funnel allows the product to be cleaned and isolated
