The painkiller paracetamol can be synthesised from phenol in three steps. The percentage yield for each step is shown.
In Step 1 another product also forms. The two products can be distinguished using their 13C NMR spectra.
Complete the table to show the number of peaks in each 13C NMR spectrum.
3 marksCalculate the minimum mass of phenol needed to synthesise 1.00 kg of paracetamol.
[Mr values: paracetamol = 151.0 phenol = 94.0]
When metabolised in the body, paracetamol forms a toxic compound Z. This is then removed in the liver by a reaction with the tripeptide glutathione.
i) The conversion of paracetamol to compound Z is
(1)
☐ | A | addition |
☐ | B | hydrolysis |
☐ | C | oxidation |
☐ | D | reduction |
ii) Draw a circle around each of the chiral carbon atoms in glutathione.
(1)
iii) Glutathione is formed from glycine and two other amino acids.
Which two amino acids combine with glycine to form glutathione?
(1)
☐ | A | aspartic acid and cysteine |
☐ | B | glutamic acid and cysteine |
☐ | C | glutamic acid and methionine |
☐ | D | aspartic acid and methionine |
Explain why amino acids such as glycine are crystalline solids at room temperature.
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