Functional Groups & their Formulae (Cambridge (CIE) A Level Chemistry): Revision Note
Functional Groups of Organic Compounds
Functional groups determine the physical and chemical properties of molecules
The table below shows a summary of common functional groups found in compounds
R is any other atom or group of atoms (except for hydrogen)
Functional groups found in compounds table
Formulae of Organic Compounds
The general formula is a formula that represents a homologous series of compounds using letters and numbers
Eg. the general formula of alkanes is CnH2n+2
A homologous series is a group of organic compounds that have the same functional group, the same general formula and the same chemical properties
The structural formula is a formula that shows how the atoms are bonded to each carbon atom in a molecule
The displayed formula is a 2D representation of an organic molecule showing all its atoms (by their symbols) and their bonds (by single, double or triple bonds)
The skeletal formula is a simplified displayed formula with all the carbon and hydrogen (C-H) bonds removed
Overview of the formulae of organic compounds table
Worked Example
Draw the skeletal formula of the following molecules:
CH3(CH2)3OH
(CH3)2CHCH2OH
CH3CH2OCH2CH3
Answer:
Worked Example
Draw the fully displayed formula of the following molecules:
Answer:
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