Which reaction occurs when ethane and chlorine are mixed in the presence of sunlight?
A free-radical substitution with hydrogen produced
A free-radical substitution with hydrogen chloride produced
A free-radical substitution with no gas produced
A nucleophilic substitution with hydrogen chloride produced
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High-energy irradiation in the stratosphere produces radicals from chlorofluoroalkanes, commonly known as CFCs.
Which radical could result from this irradiation of CHFClCF2Cl ?
CHFClC●FCl
●CHClCF2Cl
●CHFCF2Cl
●CFClCF2Cl
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Bromomethane, CH3Br, is used as a fumigant to destroy insect pests in grain that is to be stored. It can be made by reacting methanol with hydrogen bromide.
CH3OH + HBr → CH3Br + H2O
What type of reaction is this?
Condensation
Electrophilic substitution
Free radical substitution
Nucleophilic substitution
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What type of reaction makes ethylamine from bromoethane?
Oxidation
Reduction
Nucleophilic substitution
Electrophilic substitution
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The equation shows an organic reaction
CH3CH2CHClCH3 + CN– → CH3CH2CH(CH3)CN + Cl–
What is the name for this type of reaction?
Nucleophilic substitution
Electrophilic substitution
Free radical substitution
Elimination
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This molecule is responsible for the flavour of spearmint chewing gum.
What is a true statement about the functional groups 1 or 2?
1 will undergo electrophilic addition
1 will undergo electrophilic substitution
2 will undergo nucleophilic substitution
2 will undergo electrophilic substitution
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The decomposition of ozone contributes to formation of a hole in the stratosphere. Two equations which represent part of the process are:
Cl● + O3 → ClO● + O2 and ClO● + O3 → 2O2 + Cl●
Which statement is correct about the decomposition of ozone?
One chlorine radical is responsible for decomposing one ozone molecule
Chlorine radicals are catalytic in the process
Two ozone molecules change into two oxygen molecules
Chlorine radicals have a full shell of electrons
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The addition of hydrogen bromide, HBr, to pent-2-ene, CH3CH2CH2CH=CH2 , produces
1-bromopentane
2-bromopentane
1,2-dibromopentane
A mixture of 1-bromopentane and 2-bromopentane
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In the reaction scheme shown,
Which of the following statements is correct?
Product 1 is the major product
Product 2 is the major product
A 50:50 mixture of the two products is formed
The bromine acts as an electrophile
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An incomplete mechanism for the reaction of concentrated sulfuric acid with butan-1-ol is shown below.
Which of the following fragments in this mechanism is incorrect?
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What is the major product formed when compound Q is warmed with excess HBr?
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Ethene reacts with aqueous bromine to give two products, CH2BrCH2Br and CH2BrCH2OH.
Which statement about these products is correct?
both products are obtained in this reaction by electrophilic substitution
both products are obtained in this reaction by nucleophilic addition
both products can be hydrolysed to form the same organic compound
both products can form hydrogen bonds with water
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In the presence of ultraviolet light, ethane and chlorine react to give a mixture of products.
Which compound could be present in the mixture of products?
CH3Cl
CH3CH2CH2CH3
CH3CH2CH2Cl
CH3CH2CH2CH2CH3
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In the hydrolysis of bromoethane by aqueous sodium hydroxide, what is the nature of the attacking group and of the leaving group?
| attacking group | leaving group |
A B C D | electrophile electrophile nucleophile nucleophile | electrophile nucleophile nucleophile electrophile |
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What statement is true about the mechanism of the reaction between aqueous sodium hydroxide and 1-bromobutane
attack by a nucleophile on a carbon atom with a partial positive charge
heterolytic bond fission and attack by a nucleophile on a carbocation
homolytic bond fission and attack by an electrophile on a carbanion
homolytic bond fission and attack by a nucleophile on a carbocation
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The reaction mechanism between ethanol and hot concentrated phosphoric acid is classified as
nucleophilic substitution
free radical substitution
elimination
electrophilic addition
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Which equation represents a correct propagation step in the free radical substitution reaction between ethane and chlorine?
C2H6 + Cl• → C2H5Cl + H•
C2H6 + H• → C2H5• + HCl
C2H5• + Cl2 → C2H5Cl + Cl•
C2H5• + Cl• → C2H5Cl
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The following mechanism is missing the arrows showing the movement of electron pairs.
Which of the following descriptions of the missing arrows is correct?
| 1st arrow | 2nd arrow | 3rd arrow |
Curly arrow from lone pair of :OH- to the H of the C-H bond | Curly arrow from the C-H bond to the C-C bond | Curly arrow from the I to the C-I bond | |
A | ✓ | ✓ | ⨯ |
B | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
C | ✓ | ⨯ | ✓ |
D | ✓ | ⨯ | ⨯ |
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A student has drawn a mechanism to show electrophilic addition. In which part of the mechanism did the student make a mistake?
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The following diagram shows a nucleophilic substitution mechanism, but only one of the arrows is correctly drawn
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The reaction sequence below shows a pair of reaction types.
Which row in the table correctly shows the two reaction types?
| reaction 1 | reaction 2 |
A | nucleophilic addition | nucleophilic substitution |
B | electrophilic addition | electrophilic substitution |
C | nucleophilic addition | electrophilic substitution |
D | electrophilic addition | nucleophilic substitution |
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Bromine will react with ethane in a free radical substitution reaction. Which reaction is not a valid termination step in the mechanism?
H• + Br• → HBr
Br• + Br• → Br2
C2H5• + Br• → C2H5Br
C2H5• + C2H5• → C4H10
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The chlorination of methane can produce multiple products.
What is the most likely proportion of these products in a reaction mixture?
CH3Cl > CH2Cl2 > CH3CH3 > CCl4
CH3Cl > CH3CH3 > CH2Cl2 > CCl4
CCl4 > CH3CH3 > CH2Cl2 > CH3Cl
CH3Cl > CH2Cl2 > CCl4> CH3CH3
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Which of the following substances cannot be a product of nucleophilic substitution of 1-bromobutane?
Butan-1-ol
Pentanenitrile
But-1-ene
1-aminobutane
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1-bromopropane undergoes nucleophilic substitution with excess ammonia. A student has drawn the mechanism for the reaction, but has made an error in the diagram.
The segment which contains the error is
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The mechanism for the reaction between hot potassium hydroxide in ethanol and chloroethane is shown below
Which of the following statements is not correct?
The hydroxide ion acts as a base but not a nucleophile
The hydroxide ion acts as a nucleophile and a base
Ethanol could also be a product in the same reaction
The hydrogen atoms in the chloroethane are very slightly ẟ+
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Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) from refrigerants, propellants and aerosols are known to be responsible for the destruction of the ozone layer in the stratosphere.
One early CFC was trichlorofluoromethane, CCl3F.
Which step from a possible mechanism for the destruction of ozone is not likely?
CCl3 F→ CFCl2• + Cl•
Cl• + O3 → ClO• + O2
CFCl2• + O2 → CFClO + ClO•
ClO• + O3 → 2O2+ Cl •
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How many positional isomers can be obtained by the reaction of concentrated sulfuric acid with 1,3-cyclohexadiene followed by the addition of water?
1
2
3
4
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2-methylbuta-1,3-diene reacts with hydrogen bromide to give a number of products.
What is the major product of this reaction?
CH2BrCH(CH3)CH2CH2Br
CH2BrCH(CH3)CHBrCH3
CH3C(CH3)BrCH2CH2Br
CH3C(CH3)BrCHBrCH3
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The dehydration of alcohols is an elimination reaction, resulting in an alkene and water as the only products.
What is the correct structure of the intermediate species in the mechanism for the dehydration of butan-2-ol that leads to the formation of the alkene?
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