Principles of NMR (AQA A Level Chemistry)

Revision Note

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Stewart Hird

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Principles of NMR

  • Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is used for analysing organic compounds

  • NMR analysis can provide information about the positions of 13C and 1H atoms in a molecule

  • All samples are measured against a reference compound – Tetramethylsilane (TMS)

    • TMS shows a single sharp peak on NMR spectra, at a value of zero

    • Sample peaks are then plotted as a ‘shift’ away from this reference peak

    • This gives rise to ‘chemical shift’ values for protons on the sample compound

    • Chemical shifts are measured in parts per million (ppm)

Examiner Tips and Tricks

You are often asked in exam questions why tetramethylsilane (TMS) is a suitable solvent for NMR analysis. Try to remember that TMS is:

  • Non toxic.

  • Does not react with the sample.

  • Easily separated from the sample molecule due to its low boiling point.

  • Produces one strong, sharp absorption peak on the spectrum.

Worked Example

Draw the structural formula of TMS

Answer:

Structural formula of TMS, downloadable AS & A Level Chemistry revision notes

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Stewart Hird

Author: Stewart Hird

Expertise: Chemistry Lead

Stewart has been an enthusiastic GCSE, IGCSE, A Level and IB teacher for more than 30 years in the UK as well as overseas, and has also been an examiner for IB and A Level. As a long-standing Head of Science, Stewart brings a wealth of experience to creating Topic Questions and revision materials for Save My Exams. Stewart specialises in Chemistry, but has also taught Physics and Environmental Systems and Societies.