Changes in Temperature & Pressure (AQA A Level Chemistry)
Revision Note
Changes in Temperature & Pressure
We can apply Le Chatelier's Principle to gaseous equilibria in the same way it is applied to aqueous systems
Here's a reminder of how the principle works
Le Chatelier’s principle
Le Chatelier’s principle says that if a change is made to a system in dynamic equilibrium, the position of the equilibrium moves to counteract this change
The principle is used to predict changes to the position of equilibrium when there are changes in temperature, pressure or concentration
Predicting changes in Temperature & Pressure
Effects of temperature
How the equilibrium shifts with temperature changes:
Effect on the value of Kp
For a reaction that is exothermic in the forward direction, increasing the temperature pushes the equilibrium from right to left
Therefore, the value of Kp will decrease as the ratio of [ products ] to [ reactants ] decreases
Conversely, if the temperature is raised in an endothermic reaction, the value of Kp will increase
Effects of pressure
Changes in pressure only affect reactions where the reactants or products are gases
How the equilibrium shifts with pressure changes:
Effect on the value of Kp
The value of Kp is not affected by any changes in pressure.
Changes in pressure cause a shift in the position of equilibrium to a new position which restores the value of Kp
This is analogous to what happens to Kc when you change concentration in an aqueous equilibrium; a shift restores equilibrium to a new position maintaining Kc
Presence of a catalyst
If all other conditions stay the same, the equilibrium constant Kp is not affected by the presence of a catalyst
A catalyst speeds up both the forward and reverse reactions at the same rate so the ratio of [ products ] to [ reactants ] remains unchanged
Catalysts only cause a reaction to reach equilibrium faster
Catalysts therefore have no effect on the position of the equilibrium once this is reached
You've read 0 of your 5 free revision notes this week
Sign up now. It’s free!
Did this page help you?