Physical Chemistry
31 hours403 questionsAtomic Structure
Fundamental Particles, Mass Number & Isotopes, Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry, Shells and Orbitals, Electron Configuration, Ionisation Energy, Ionisation Energy: Trends & Evidence
Formulae, Equations & Calculations
Relative Atomic Mass & Relative Molecular Mass, Empirical & Molecular Formula, Balanced Equations, Reaction Yields, Atom Economy, Hydrated Salts
The Mole, Avogadro & The Ideal Gas Equation
The Mole & the Avogadro Constant, Reacting Masses, Reacting Volumes, The Ideal Gas Equation
Types of Bonding & Properties
Changes in State: Energy Changes, Ionic Bonding, Covalent Bonding, Dative Covalent Bonding, Dot & Cross Diagrams, Metallic Bonding, Properties of Ionic Compounds, Properties of Covalent Substances, Properties of Metallic Substances, Effects of Structure & Bonding
Molecules: Shapes & Forces
Shapes of Simple Molecules & Ions, Bond Polarity, Types of Forces Between Molecules, Effects of Forces Between Molecules
Energetics
Bond Energy, Energy Level Diagrams, Enthalpy Changes, Calorimetry, Hess' Law, Applications of Hess’s Law, Bond Enthalpies
Kinetics
Collision Theory, Measuring Rates of Reaction, Maxwell–Boltzmann Distributions, Effect of Temperature on Reaction Rate, Effect of Concentration & Pressure, Catalysts
Chemical Equilibria, Le Chatelier's Principle & Kc
Chemical Equilibria, Le Chatelier's principle, The Equilibrium Constant, Kc, Calculations Involving the Equilibrium Constant, Changes Which Affect the Equilibrium
Oxidation, Reduction & Redox Equations
Oxidation & Reduction, Oxidation States: The Rules, Redox Equations
Inorganic Chemistry
9 hours134 questionsPeriodicity
Classification of an Element, Trends of Period 3 Elements: Atomic Radius, Trends of Period 3 Elements: First Ionisation Energy, Trends of Period 3 Elements: Melting Point
Group 2, the Alkaline Earth Metals
Trends in Group 2: The Alkaline Earth Metals, Solubility of Group 2 Compounds: Hydroxides & Sulfates, Reactions of Group 2, Uses of Group 2 Elements
Group 7 (17), the Halogens
Physical Properties of Group 7, Chemical Properties of Group 7, Testing for Halide Ions, Uses & Reactions of Chlorine
Organic Chemistry
25 hours315 questionsIntroduction to Organic Chemistry
Functional Groups, Types of Formulae, Nomenclature, Structural Isomerism, Stereoisomerism
Alkanes
Fractional Distillation of Crude Oil, Modification of Alkanes by Cracking, Combustion of Alkanes, Chlorination of Alkanes
Halogenoalkanes
Reactivity of Halogenoalkanes, Reactions of Halogenoalkanes, Ozone Depletion
Alkenes
Structure, Bonding & Reactivity, Isomerism in Alkenes, Reactions of Alkenes, Test for Unsaturation, Addition Polymers, Solution to Plastic Pollution
Alcohols
Classifying Alcohols, Alcohol Production, Oxidation of Alcohols, Combustion of Alcohols, Elimination Reactions of Alcohols
Organic Analysis
Identification of Functional Groups by Test-Tube Reactions, Mass spectrometry, Infrared Spectroscopy
Organic Mechanisms
Fundamentals of Reaction Mechanisms, Chlorination of Alkanes, Nucleophilic Substitution, Elimination, Electrophilic Addition
AS Practical Skills
7 hours90 questionsPhysical Chemistry Practicals
Making a Volumetric Solution, Performing a Titration & Volumetric Analysis, Measurement of an Enthalpy Change, Factors Affecting the Rate of a Reaction
Organic & Inorganic Chemistry Practicals
Reactions of Group 2 Elements, Identifying Anions & Cations, Distillation of a Product from a Reaction, Testing for Organic Functional Groups
Advanced Physical Chemistry (A Level only)
20 hours182 questionsThermodynamics (A Level only)
Thermodynamic Terms, Born-Haber Cycles, Born-Haber Calculations, Comparing Lattice Enthalpies, Enthalpy of Solution & Hydration, Entropy, Gibbs Free Energy, Reaction Feasibility
Rate Equations (A Level only)
Rate Equations, Deriving Rate Equations, Rate Equation Calculations, The Arrhenius Equation, Finding Activation Energy, Concentration-Time Graphs, Rate-Concentration Graphs, Rate Determining Step
Equilibrium constant (Kp) for Homogeneous Systems (A Level only)
Kp Expressions, Partial Pressure, Changes in Temperature & Pressure
Electrode Potentials & Electrochemical Cells (A Level only)
Representing Cells, Standard Electrode Potentials, Predicting Reactions, Commercial Cells, Lithium Cells, Fuel Cells
Fundamentals of Acids & Bases (A Level only)
Brønsted–Lowry Acid & Bases, pH & [H⁺], The Ionic Product of Water
Further Acids & Bases Calculations (A Level only)
Acid Dissociation Constant, pKₐ, Titrations, pH Curves, Buffers
Advanced Inorganic Chemistry (A Level only)
11 hours90 questionsProperties of Period 3 Elements & their Oxides (A Level only)
Na & Mg with water, Reaction with Oxygen, Melting Point Trend, Oxides Reacting with Water
Transition Metals (A Level only)
General Properties of Transition Metals, Ligand Exchange, Shapes of Complex Ions, Formation of Coloured Ions, Variable Oxidation States, Redox Titrations, Catalysis
Reactions of Ions in Aqueous Solution (A Level only)
Metal-Aqua Ions, Reactions with Bases
Advanced Organic Chemistry (A Level only)
31 hours328 questionsOptical Isomerism (A-level only)
Optical Isomerism, Identifying Chiral Centres, Racemic Mixtures
Aldehydes & Ketones (A-level only)
Aldehydes & Ketones, Reduction of Carbonyls, Nucleophilic Addition
Carboxylic Acids & Derivatives (A-level only)
Carboxylic Acids, Esters, Biodiesel, Ester Hydrolysis, Acylation, Manufacture of Aspirin
Aromatic Chemistry (A-level only)
Structure of Benzene, Nitration of Benzene, Friedel–Crafts Acylation
Amines (A Level only)
Preparation of Amines, Basic Properties, Nucleophilic Substitution, Nucleophilic Addition–Elimination, Quaternary Ammonium Salts
Polymers (A Level only)
Condensation Polymers, Biodegradability & Disposal of Polymers
Amino acids, Proteins & DNA (A Level only)
Amino Acids, Proteins, Enzymes, DNA, Anticancer Drugs
Organic Synthesis (A Level only)
Organic Synthesis
Organic Mechanisms (A Level only)
Organic Mechanisms
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (A Level only)
Principles of NMR, ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR
Chromatography (A-level only)
Chromatography, Thin Layer Chromatography, Column Chromatography, Gas Chromatography, Interpreting Chromatograms
A-Level Practical Skills (A Level only)
10 hours90 questionsPhysical Chemistry Practicals (A Level only)
Required Practical 7, Required Practical 8, Required Practical 9, Entropy of Vaporisation, Iodine Clock Reaction, Determination of Kc, Making Simple Cells, Finding Ka, Titration Curves, Making Buffers
Inorganic Chemistry Practicals (A Level only)
Required Practical 11, Testing Period 3 Oxides, Ligand Substitution Experiments, Redox Titrations, Vanadium Oxidation States, Colorimetry & Complex Ions, Autocatalysis Experiments, Identifying Ions, Reactions of Metal-Aqua Ions
Organic Chemistry Practicals (A Level only)
Required Practical 10a, Required Practical 10b, Testing Aldehydes & Ketones, Required Practical 12