SWOT Analysis (Edexcel A Level Business)

Revision Note

Understanding SWOT Analysis

  • SWOT Analysis is an analytical tool used by businesses to identify

    • Internal strengths and weaknesses

    • External opportunities and threats

3-1-3-an-example-of-a-swot-analysis-for-a-small-cafe-business

An example of a SWOT Analysis for a small cafe business 

  • Once a SWOT Analysis has been completed by a business, decisions can be made to improve performance

    • Strengths should be harnessed

    • Weaknesses should be eliminated

    • Opportunities should be seized

    • Threats should be mitigated

  • Effective SWOT analysis can help senior managers to understand the current business position so that appropriate strategic decisions may be made

Examples of Factors Considered in a SWOT Analysis

STRENGTHS

  • What the business is good at

For example:

  • Qualities that separate the business from rivals

  • Internal resources such as skilled staff or a particular innovation

  • Possession of assets such as capital, patents or intellectual property

  • A loyal customer base

  • Effective leadership

WEAKNESSES

  • What the business does poorly

    For example:

    • Ways in which the business lags behind competitors

    • Resource or capital limitations including labour and finance

    • Lack of a competitive advantage

    • Lack of a unique selling proposition (USP)

    • Poor online presence


OPPORTUNITIES

  • Options a business may exploit to enjoy further success

    For example:

    • Developing markets for specific products become apparent

    • Few competitors exist

    • A changing legal or political environment positively impacts on business processes and decisions

    • Social or technological developments create an emerging need for the businesses products

    • Economic indicators becoming more favourable

    • A potential for positive media coverage of the business


THREATS

  • Hazards that have the potential to damage business performance

    For example:

    • New or emerging competitors are gaining market share

    • A changing legal or political environment negatively impacting on business processes and decisions

    • Social or technological developments threaten obsolescence of products

    • Economic indicators becoming less favourable

    • Negative press coverage

    • Changing customer attitudes towards the business

Examiner Tip

A SWOT Analysis will vary significantly for businesses of different sizes, with different objectives and operating in different sectors.

For example, a micro start-up business will face vastly different SWOT factors as compared with a large multinational. Having conducted a SWOT analysis, you should be able to make strategic and/or tactical decisions to achieve corporate objectives (see sub-topic 3.1.2)

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