Legislation (Edexcel A Level Business)
Revision Note
The Effects on Businesses of Legislation
Legislation refers to laws and regulations passed by governments that require businesses and individuals to conduct their behaviour in a particular manner
There are five areas of legislation that have significant impacts on businesses
Consumer protection
Employee protection
Environmental protection
Competition policy
Health and Safety
The effects on businesses of consumer protection laws
Consumer protection legislation aims to ensure that consumers are treated fairly by the companies with which they interact
Legislation covers areas including
The safety of products
The standard and quality of products
The rights of customers if they are unhappy with their purchase
The product information that must be given to customers
Meeting the requirements of each of the above laws results in increased business expenditure, which may reduce profitability
Consumer protection legislation aims to provide a level playing field for businesses, ensuring that no business can gain an unfair advantage over rivals by taking shortcuts or by making false claims about its products
The effects on businesses of employee protection laws
Employee protection legislation aims to prevent the exploitation of workers
Legislation covers areas including
Pay and working conditions
Equality of employment rights for marginalised groups (e.g. those with disabilities) to avoid discrimination
The right to belong to a trade union and take industrial action
Contracts and termination of employment
The impact of employee legislation on business
The effects on businesses of environmental protection laws
Environmental legislation aims to hold businesses responsible for their environmental impact
Legislation covers areas including
Pollution
Destruction of wildlife
Traffic congestion
Air quality
Resource depletion
Businesses that fail to adhere to these laws may be fined or forced to cease commercial activity until they resolve problems they have caused
The effects on businesses of competition policy laws
Competition legislation aims to protect the interests of both consumers and businesses by restricting anti-competitive practices
Legislation covers areas including
Abuse of market power so as to limit monopoly power
Anti-competitive acquisition activity
Cartel activity and collusion
Where the Competition and Markets Authority judges that a business has acted or may potentially act in an anti-competitive manner it may take steps such as preventing a merger or instructing a business to dispose of subsidiaries in order to correct the market
The effects on businesses of health and safety legislation
Health and safety legislation requires businesses to operate in a way that protects the physical and mental wellbeing of its employees and contractors, as well as its customers
Legislation covers areas including
The provision of adequate breaks and rest periods
Temperature and noise levels
The provision of safety equipment
Hygienic, safe and sanitary conditions
Preventing stress
Implementation of procedures and equipment required to maintain healthy and safe business premises and working conditions are likely to incur financial and time costs
Staff training and supervision
Changes to working hours and rest provisions
Arrangement of manuals, signage and safety documentation
Purchase and maintenance of safety equipment
Drawing up and implementing code of practice
Serious health and safety breaches can lead to fines or investigation by the Health and Safety Executive and, in some cases, can lead to prosecution
Examiner Tip
Although you do not need to demonstrate in-depth knowledge of specific laws or regulations, it is useful to understand the range of impacts of complying (and, of course, not complying) with each type of legislation.
In general, it is worth remembering that businesses tend to take a ‘just in case’ approach, ensuring that they comply with the law rather than being caught out when and if they breach them. Although this incurs costs and involves preparation, it is arguably far less damaging than being fined, prosecuted or forced to cease activity after the unlawful event, especially given the reputational damage that is likely to occur.
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