Non-Coding DNA & Regulatory Genes
- It can be highly difficult to translate the genome of complex organisms into their proteome
- Determining the proteome of humans is difficult as large amounts of non-coding DNA are present in human genomes
- It can be very hard to identify these sections of DNA from the coding DNA
- The presence of regulatory genes and the process of alternative splicing in human genomes also affects gene expression and the synthesis of proteins
- The proteome is larger than the genome due to:
- Alternative splicing
- Post-translational modification of proteins (often takes place in the Golgi apparatus)
Alternative splicing allows for a single gene to produce multiple proteins
The proteome is larger than the genome
Examiner Tip
You are expected to know the definitions of genome and proteome for the exam.
