Modern Medicine & Participation in Sports
Keyhole surgery
- Sports injuries are a common occurrence since the body is placed under stress when participating in sporting activities
- Some of these injuries can result in permanent damage, but with the correct treatment it is possible to make a full recovery from sports injuries
- Advances in medical technology has enabled professional athletes to recover from injuries that previously may have ended their career
- Keyhole surgery is one example of the medical advances that have been made
- It is a less invasive procedure as only small incisions are made in the skin
- A small video camera is inserted into the incision, along with specialised medical instruments with which to perform the surgery
- There are multiple advantages of keyhole surgery compared to conventional surgery:
- Less blood loss and scarring of the skin
- Less pain after surgery and a quicker recovery
- This leads to a shorter hospital stay and the patient can quickly return to doing normal activities
- An example of keyhole surgery is fixing a damaged cruciate ligament
- The cruciate ligaments are found in the middle of the knee and it connects the thigh bone to the lower leg bone
- The damaged ligament can be removed and replaced by a graft from another tendon in the patient's leg or from a donor's tendon
Prostheses
- Injuries may sometimes result in people losing or damaging a body part to the extent that they can no longer use it
- In some cases, a person may be born without certain body parts
- In both these cases, the missing or damaged body part may be replaced with an artificial version called a prosthesis
- They may replace entire limbs (e.g. legs or hands) or parts of limbs (e.g. hip or knee joints)
- Some prostheses may be connected to electronic devices that can 'read' information form the nervous system in order to operate the body part (e.g. hand prostheses enabling the user to move the fingers)
- Prostheses enables individuals to participate in sport again, even after serious injuries
- An example of the use of a prosthesis is replacing a damaged knee joint
- The damaged cartilage and bone is replaced by a metal device on both long bones to create a smooth surface for articulation
- A plastic spacer is often inserted between the metal ends of the prosthesis to provide cushioning and reduce the impact on the knee
- The knee prosthesis enables those with serious knee injuries to be more mobile and even participate in low-impact sports
A knee prosthesis can replace a damaged knee joint and provide mobility to a patient