A LevelBiologyCambridge (CIE)Exam Questions8. Transport in MammalsThe Circulatory System

The Circulatory System (Cambridge (CIE) A Level Biology): Exam Questions

Exam code: 9700

3 hours44 questions

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The Circulatory System

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11 mark

Arteries will resist any changes of blood pressure flowing through it.

Which feature of an artery allows it to do this?

1

Thick layer of muscle in the artery wall

2

Thick elastic layer in the artery wall

3

Smooth endothelium

  • 1, 2 and 3

  • 1 and 2

  • 1 and 3

  • 2 and 3

Choose your answer

21 mark

The following lists some features of the circulatory system.

Which is not a factor that enables one-way flow of blood?

  1. The separate of the systemic and pulmonary circulatory systems

  2. The structure of the veins

  3. The valves of the heart

  4. The diameter of the blood vessels

  • 1 and 2

  • 2 and 3

  • 1 and 4

  • 3 and 4

Choose your answer

31 mark

The following lists some features of blood, tissue fluid and lymph.

1

Fatty acids

2

White blood cells

3

Proteins

4

Carbon dioxide

Which of the above components are found in all three substances?

  • 1 and 2

  • 1, 2 and 4

  • 1, 2 and 3

  • 1 and 4

Choose your answer

41 mark

The majority of mammals (including humans) have a double circulatory system.

What does the term double circulatory system mean?

  • The heart has two of each chamber, the atria and the ventricles.

  • Blood passes twice through the heart during one complete circulation of the body.

  • The blood circulates separately in the two sides of the heart.

  • Two sets of valves closing contributes to the double-sound of each heartbeat.

Choose your answer

51 mark

All blood vessels are made up of different tissues.

Which of the following is present in all of them?

  • Smooth muscle

  • Endothelial

  • Elastin

  • Fibrous

Choose your answer

61 mark

An arteriole is a small blood vessel found leading to the capillary bed in tissues. One function of an arteriole is to increase or decrease the flow of blood to the tissues.

Which of the following tissues allows the arteriole to carry out this function?

1

Muscle

2

Collagen

3

Elastic

  • 1, 2 and 3

  • 1 and 3

  • 1 only

  • 3 only

Choose your answer

7
Sme Calculator1 mark

The micrograph below shows human blood. There are four cells labelled.

cie-q7-8-1

Which row of the table below labels the cells correctly?

 

W

X

Y

Z

A

B

C

D

lymphocyte

erythrocyte

neutrophil

erythrocyte

erythrocyte

neutrophil

monocyte

lymphocyte

monocyte

phagocyte

lymphocyte

neutrophil

neutrophil

lymphocyte

erythrocyte

neutrophil

    Choose your answer

    81 mark

    Arteries have thick elastic layers in their walls; those closest to the heart have thicker layers than the rest.

    Which of the following statements about this layer is correct?

    1

    It reduces friction within the blood vessels.

    2

    It maintains even blood flow from the heart.

    3

    It prevents too high a pressure bursting the artery wall.

    • 1 and 2

    • 1 and 3

    • 2 and 3

    • 3 only

    Choose your answer

    91 mark

    Which row shows correctly identifies the composition of tissue fluid?

     

    phagocytes

    platelets

    protein concentration compared to plasma

    A

    B

    C

    D

    X

    ✓

    X

    ✓

    X

    ✓

    ✓

    X

    higher

    higher

    lower

    lower

    Key ✓ = present, X = absent

      Choose your answer

      101 mark

      The table below shows some features of arteries, veins and capillaries:

       

      feature

       arteries

      veins

      capillaries

      1

      2

      3

      wall

      lumen

      blood pressure

      thick

      wide

      high

      thin

      narrow

      low

      single cell

      narrow

      low

      Which row in the table is correct?

      • 1 and 2

      • 1 and 3

      • 2 and 3

      • 1, 2 and 3

      Choose your answer

      11 mark

      The image below shows two structures commonly found in mammals. A light microscope was used to view the sample.

      q11-cie-8-1

       

      X

      Y

      Feature

      A

      vein

      atrium

      Y contains deoxygenated blood

      B

      trachea

      artery

      the lumen of X allows air to pass through

      C

      bronchiole

      vein

      Y contains cells with oxyhaemoglobin

      D

      artery

      vein

      Y contains deoxygenated blood

        Choose your answer

        21 mark

        When a transverse section of different blood vessels was viewed under a light microscope the following observations were made.

        Which row is correct?

         

        outer wall of artery

         layer of muscles and elastic fibres

        diameter of the lumen

        A

        thinner

        thinner

        wider

        B

        thinner

        thicker

        narrower

        C

        thicker

        thinner

        wider

        D

        thicker

        thicker

        narrower

          Choose your answer

          31 mark

          Most mammals have a closed double circulatory system.

          The diagram shows a circulatory system. The arrows indicate the direction of flow of the blood.

          diagram-5

          Which of the following is the correct description for this type of circulation?

          • open single

          • open double

          • closed single

          • closed double

          Choose your answer

          41 mark

          The table shows the features of three blood vessels in the mammalian circulatory system.

          vessel 1

          vessel 2

          vessel 3

          thin layer of smooth muscle with few elastic fibres

          thick layer of elastic fibres and smooth muscle

          no elastic fibres or smooth muscle

          What are vessels 1, 2 and 3?

           

          vein

          capillary

          Artery

          A

          3

          2

          1

          B

          1

          3

          2

          C

          2

          3

          1

          D

          1

          2

          3

            Choose your answer

            51 mark

            Figure 1 below shows a red blood cell with an actual size of 8 µm.

            Each small division on the ruler is 1 mm. 

            How many times has the cell been magnified?

            redbloodcellwithruler

            • 6625

            • 6.625

            • 662.5

            • 66.25

            Choose your answer

            61 mark

            Which statement correctly identifies similarities between blood plasma and tissue fluid?

            • White blood cells are found in both blood plasma and tissue fluid.

            • The blood plasma is under the same pressure as the tissue fluid.

            • Protein is found in equal concentration in both blood plasma and tissue fluid.

            • The water potential of the blood plasma and tissue fluid are equal.

            Choose your answer

            71 mark

            The pressure of the blood leaving the capillaries is about seven times smaller than that of blood entering the capillaries.

            Which of the following statements describe this observation?

            1

            Veins have fewer elastic and muscle fibres in their walls than arteries.

            2

            Tissue fluid formation is due to a net loss of plasma from capillaries.

            3

            Blood pressure decreases with distance from the heart.

            • 1 and 2

            • 1, 2 and 3

            • 2 and 3

            • 1 and 3

            Choose your answer

            81 mark

            Which row of the table below correctly identifies the blood vessels?

             

            collagen fibres present in tunica externa (adventitia)

            thick tunica media present

            squamous endothelium present

            A

            veins

            veins

            arteries veins and capillaries

            B

            arteries and veins

            arteries

            arteries veins and capillaries

            C

            arteries and veins

            arteries

            veins and capillaries

            D

            veins

            arteries and veins

            arteries and capillaries

              Choose your answer

              91 mark

              The following statements compare blood tissue fluid and lymph

              1

              W lacks large plasma proteins and red blood cells and has a higher water potential than Z

              2

              X is at a lower pressure than Y and contains red blood cells and large plasma proteins

              3

              Y is at a higher pressure than W and contains red blood cells and large plasma proteins

              4

              Z is at a lower pressure than Y and lacks red blood cells

              Which row identifies correctly W, X, Y, and Z?

               

              W

              X

              Y

              Z

              A

              tissue fluid

              blood leaving the capillary

              blood entering the capillary

              lymph

              B

              lymph

              blood entering the capillary

              tissue fluid

              blood leaving the capillary

              C

              blood leaving the capillary

              lymph

              tissue fluid

              blood entering the capillary

              D

              blood entering the capillary

              lymph

              blood leaving the capillary

              tissue fluid

                Choose your answer

                101 mark

                Which of the following is the correct sequence of layers in the vessel wall from outside to inside?

                 

                tunica media

                tunica intima

                tunica externa

                A

                3

                2

                1

                B

                1

                3

                2

                C

                2

                3

                1

                D

                1

                2

                3

                  Choose your answer

                  11 mark

                  The graphs below show how different conditions change through blood vessels in the following sequence:

                  artery (art) → arterioles (a) → capillaries (c) → venules (v) → veins (vein)

                  Which set of graphs are correct in relation to the sequence above?

                  q21-cie-8-1-1

                     

                  q21-cie-8-1-2

                    Choose your answer

                    21 mark

                    Kwashiorkor is a disease caused by a lack of protein. The concentration of plasma protein is much lower in a sufferer than in a healthy individual. One symptom of kwashiorkor is oedema. 

                    Which statement below correctly describes Kwashiorkor patients?

                    • The water potential is higher in the plasma than in the tissue fluid at the arterial end of the capillary bed.

                    • The water potential is lower in the plasma than in the tissue fluid at the arterial end of the capillary bed.

                    • Water is a polar molecule and is known as the ‘universal solvent; so less proteins will dissolve in the plasma.

                    • The water potential of the blood plasma and tissue fluid are equal.

                    Choose your answer

                    31 mark

                    Water is the basis of blood, tissue fluid and lymph.

                    Which of the following statements describes properties of water that makes it useful as the fluid of the circulatory system?

                    1

                    specific latent heat of fusion

                    2

                    specific heat capacity

                    3

                    polar molecule

                    • 2 and 3

                    • 1, 2 and 3

                    • 1 and 2

                    • 1 and 3

                    Choose your answer

                    41 mark

                    A student studied the structure of a blood vessel and found:

                    1

                    an innermost layer of endothelial cells

                    2

                    a thick middle layer of smooth muscle and elastic tissue

                    3

                    an outer layer of collagen fibres

                    Which vessel were they studying?

                    • Vein

                    • Capillary

                    • Venule

                    • Artery

                    Choose your answer

                    51 mark

                    Dissolved materials change the oncotic pressure of a fluid, which is related to water potential, ψ.

                    The following table shows some changes in the oncotic pressure and hydrostatic pressure in a capillary.

                    Which row shows the correct changes?

                     

                    pressure (mmHg)

                    arterial end of capillary

                    venous end of capillary

                    oncotic

                    hydrostatic

                     oncotic

                    Hydrostatic

                    A

                    B

                    C

                    D

                    −20

                    −20

                    20

                    −20

                    13

                    minus13

                    33

                    33

                    −20

                    −20

                    −20

                    −20

                    33

                    13

                    13

                    13

                      Choose your answer

                      61 mark

                      Tissue fluid is formed from blood plasma in the capillaries.

                      Which statement below correctly identifies why?

                      • solute potential < osmotic pressure

                      • hydrostatic pressure > oncotic pressure

                      • oncotic pressure > hydrostatic pressure

                      • osmotic pressure > hydrostatic pressure

                      Choose your answer

                      71 mark

                      Blood is made up of several different cells.

                      Which of the following statements about blood cells is incorrect?

                      • The majority of organelles in red blood cells are broken down by hydrolysis

                      • Erythrocytes develop large number of ribosomes early in their differentiation.

                      • Neutrophils undergo mutation during differentiation.

                      • Erythrocytes and neutrophils are derived from the same stem cells.

                      Choose your answer

                      81 mark

                      The aquatic crustacean Daphnia magna has a heart that pumps blood-like liquid called hemolymph around the body cavity

                      Which of the following statements about the circulatory system is correct?

                      • single closed

                      • single open

                      • double closed

                      • double open

                      Choose your answer

                      91 mark

                      Blood travels in several major blood vessels.

                      Which row in the table shows the correct sequence for the flow of the blood vessels after blood has passed through the vena cava?

                       

                      pulmonary artery

                      pulmonary vein

                      aorta 

                      A

                      3

                      2

                      1

                      B

                      1

                      3

                      2

                      C

                      2

                      3

                      1

                      D

                      1

                      2

                      3

                        Choose your answer

                        101 mark

                        Water moves between the plasma and the tissue fluid at the venule end of the capillary.

                        Which of the following statements correctly describes the mechanism behind this movement?

                        • The hydrostatic pressure is greater than the oncotic pressure so water moves out of the capillary.

                        • The oncotic pressure is greater than the hydrostatic pressure so water moves into the capillary.

                        • The oncotic pressure is greater than the hydrostatic pressure so water moves out of the capillary.

                        • The hydrostatic pressure is greater than the oncotic pressure so the water moves into the capillary.

                        Choose your answer