Syllabus Edition
First teaching 2023
First exams 2025
The diagram shows transverse sections of two plant structures.
Which labels correctly identify structures 1, 2, 3 and 4?
| Â |
1
|
2
|
3
|
4
|
|
A
|
phloem
|
xylem
|
xylem
|
phloem
|
|
B
|
xylem
|
phloem
|
xylem
|
phloem
|
|
C
|
phloem
|
xylem
|
phloem
|
xylem
|
|
D
|
xylem
|
phloem
|
phloem
|
xylem
|
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The diagram shows a transverse section through part of a plant.
What is the name of tissue X?
Pith
Cortex
Endodermis
Waxy cuticle
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Which features apply to both sieve tube elements and xylem vessel elements?
|
1 |
no end walls  |
|
2 |
no nucleus |
|
3 |
no cytoplasm |
|
4 |
dependent on companion cells for certain functions |
1, 3 and 4
2, 3 and 4
1, 2 and 3
2 only
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Which feature should not be included when drawing a plan diagram of a transverse section of a dicotyledonous plant stem?
Epidermis
Vascular bundle
Companion cell
Cortex
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The diagram shows a transverse section of a plant stem.
Which statements relating to the diagram are correct?
|
1 |
X transports water and minerals |
|
2 |
Y transports substances in only one direction |
|
3 |
X and Y together are a vascular bundle |
|
4 |
X transports products of photosynthesis |
1, 3 and 4
2, 3 and 4
1, 2 and 3
2 and 4
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A poison is applied to the stem of a plant, killing living cells.
How will this treatment affect transport in the vascular tissue?
Transport occurs in the xylem and the phloem.
Transport occurs in the xylem and does not occur in the phloem.
Transport occurs in the phloem and does not occur in the xylem.
Transport does not occur in either the xylem or the phloem.
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Which organelles occur in large numbers in companion cells?
Mitochondria
Starch grains
Chloroplasts
Lysosomes
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Which features of a root hair cell increase water uptake from the soil?
|
1 |
many mitochondria |
|
2 |
large surface area |
|
3 |
thin cell wall |
|
4 |
low water potential  |
1, 3 and 4
2, 3 and 4
1, 2, 3 and 4
2 and 4
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Which of the following is not found in mature sieve tube elements?
Mitochondria
Nucleus
Protein
Cytoplasm
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This is an image of a plant taken with a light microscopeÂ
Public domain, via Flickr
What is the cell type labelled W?
Sieve tube element
Cortex
Companion cell
Xylem vessel element
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The diagram shows a transverse section of a plant structure.
Which row correctly identifies the structures labelled 1, 2, 3 and 4?
| Â |
1
|
2
|
3
|
4
|
|
A
|
cuticle
|
xylem
|
phloem
|
pith
|
|
B
|
cuticle
|
phloem
|
xylem
|
pith
|
|
C
|
epidermis
|
xylem
|
phloem
|
cortex
|
|
D
|
epidermis
|
phloem
|
xylem
|
cortex
|
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The diagrams show cross sections of the stem, root and leaf of a non-woody dicotyledonous plant.
Which sequence of numbers correctly identifies the distribution of xylem and phloem in the stem, root and leaf?
| Â |
xylem
|
phloem
|
|
A
|
1 Â Â 3 Â Â 5
|
2 Â Â 4 Â Â 6
|
|
B
|
2 Â Â 3 Â Â 5
|
1 Â Â 4 Â Â 6
|
|
C
|
1 Â Â 4 Â Â 6
|
2 Â Â 3 Â Â 5
|
|
D
|
2 Â Â 4 Â Â 6
|
1 Â Â 3 Â Â 5Â
|
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Which features of these cells make them suitable for their function?
| Â |
xylem vessel elements
|
companion cells
|
|
A
|
lignified walls
|
numerous mitochondria
|
|
B
|
nuclei present
|
cellulose wall
|
|
C
|
no living tissue present
|
absence of cytoplasm
|
|
D
|
numerous mitochondria
|
lignified walls
|
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The photomicrograph shows a cross section of the stem of a plant.
Berkshire Community College, CC0, via Wikimedia Commons
Which row correctly identifies X, Y and Z?Â
| Â | X | Y | Z |
| A | xylem vessel element | cortex cell | companion cell |
| B | xylem vessel element | sieve tube element | airspace |
| C | sieve tube element | epidermal cell | pith cell |
| D | sieve tube element | xylem vessel element | cortex cell |
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The diagram shows transverse sections of two plant structures.
Which row correctly describe structures 1, 2, 3 and 4?
| Â | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
| A | transports in two directions | transports in one direction | transports in one direction | transports ions and minerals |
| B | transports sugars | transports in one direction | transports in two directions | transports products of photosynthesis |
| C | transports sugars | transports in one direction | transports products of photosynthesis | transports ions and minerals |
| D | transports water | transports in two direction | transports in two directions | transports products of photosynthesis |
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Which row correctly identifies the structures present within xylem vessel elements and sieve tube elements?
| Â | xylem vessel element | sieve tube element | ||||
| nucleus | cytoplasm | Â end wall | nucleus | cytoplasm | end wall | |
|
A
B
C
D
|
X
X
X
X
|
X
✓
X
X
|
X
✓
X
✓
|
X
X
✓
✓
|
✓
✓
X
✓
|
✓
✓
X
X
|
Key:  ✓ = present    X = absent
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Which of the following correctly describes the features of xylem vessels?
Cells are joined end to end, containing peripheral cytoplasm, cell walls with secondary thickening of lignin, and are located to the outside of phloem in vascular bundles.
Cells join to form a tube with sieve plates between each cell. Cells are surrounded by the endodermis in roots.
Cells are dead and elongated, with lignified cell walls and pits at intervals. Cells are associated with companion cells.
Cells are elongated with no end walls, and are located in vascular bundles in the stem and centrally in the roots.
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The diagram shows a transverse plant section.
Which row correctly identifies the structures labelled X, Y and Z?
| Â |
X
|
Y
|
Z
|
|
A
|
pith
|
endodermis
|
epidermis
|
|
B
|
cortex
|
endodermis
|
epidermis
|
|
C
|
pith
|
cortex
|
cuticle
|
|
D
|
endodermis
|
cortex
|
cuticle
|
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The diagram shows a transverse section of a leaf viewed under a light microscope.
Berkshire Community College, CC0, via Wikimedia Commons
Which row correctly identifies structures W, X, Y and Z?
| Â |
W
|
X
|
Y
|
Z
|
|
A
|
palisade mesophyll cell
|
air space
|
spongy mesophyll cell |
xylem
|
|
B
|
guard cell
|
phloem
|
air space
|
xylem
|
|
C
|
guard cell
|
spongy mesophyll cell
|
cortex
|
phloem
|
|
D
|
palisade mesophyll cell
|
air space
|
spongy mesophyll cell
|
phloem
|
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What is the function of plasmodesmata in plant cells?
Allow symplastic movement of substances between cells.
Act as a barrier to minerals and ions.
Facilitate cell recognition.
Allow active transport of sucrose between cells.
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The diagram shows three transverse plant sections.
Which row correctly identifies 1 - 6?
| Â | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 |
|
A
B
C
D
|
phloem
xylem
xylem
phloem
|
xylem
phloem
phloem
 xylem
|
xylem
xylem
phloem
phloem
|
 phloem
phloem
xylem
xylem
|
phloem
xylem
phloem
xylem
|
 xylem
phloem
xylem
phloem
|
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This image shows a transverse section of a plant stem
Which, from A-D, identifies the phloem?Â
Public domain, via Flickr
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The diagram shows the relationship between some of the features of xylem vessel elements, phloem sieve tube elements and companion cells.
Which row is correctly represented by the diagram?
| Â |
1
|
2
|
3
|
4
|
5
|
|
A
|
xylem vessel elements
|
lignified tissue
|
companion cells
|
mitochondria
|
sieve tube elements
|
|
B
|
companion cells
|
lignified tissue
|
xylem vessel elements
|
hollow structure
|
sieve tube elements
|
|
C
|
sieve tube elements
|
cytoplasmÂ
|
companion cells
|
nucleusÂ
|
xylem vessel elements
|
|
D
|
companion cells
|
endoplasmic reticulum
|
sieve tube elementsÂ
|
nucleus absentÂ
|
xylem vessel elements
|
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The diagram shows a transverse plant section.
Which row correctly identifies the functions of X, Y and Z?
| Â | X | Y | Z |
| A | storage of carbohydrates | regulates movement of water into and out of the vascular system | provides a physical barrier to pathogens |
| B | storage of carbohydrates | provides structural support for the plant | has a waxy cuticle to prevent water loss |
| C | allows movement of water from root hairs to vascular system | regulates movement of water into and out of the vascular system | has a waxy cuticle to prevent water loss |
| D | allows movement of water from root hairs to vascular system | provides structural support for the plant | provides a physical barrier to pathogens |
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Which labels could be correctly added to a plan diagram of a transverse section of a dicotyledonous leaf?
|
1 |
palisade mesophyll  |
|
2 |
upper epidermis |
|
3 |
spongy mesophyll |
|
4 |
xylem vessel elements |
|
5 |
phloem |
1, 2, 3, 4 and 5
1, 2, 3 and 4
1, 4 and 5
1, 2, 3 and 5
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Which row correctly identifies the structures present in xylem vessel elements, sieve tube elements and companion cells?
| Â |
xylem vessel element
|
sieve tube element
|
companion cell
|
|||
|
cytoplasm
|
nucleus
|
cytoplasm
|
nucleus
|
cytoplasm
|
nucleus
|
|
|
A
|
✓
|
✓
|
X
|
X
|
X
|
✓
|
|
B
|
X
|
✓
|
✓
|
✓
|
✓
|
X
|
|
C
|
X
|
X
|
✓
|
X
|
✓
|
✓
|
|
D
|
X
|
X
|
✓
|
✓
|
✓
|
✓
|
Key:  ✓= present    X= absent
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Which of the following statements correctly describes companion cells in mature phloem tissue?
Companion cells provide structural support for the sieve tube element.
Companion cells are a source of sugars for the sieve tube element.
There is cytoplasmic contact between companion cells and the sieve tube element.
The volume of cytoplasm in companion cells is reduced.
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Which of the following is not a function of plasmodesmata in plant cells?
Allow movement of water via the symplastic pathway.
Enable cell recognition.
Allow communication between cells.
Allow the movement of nutrients between cells.
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Which of the following statements about plant transport tissues are correct?
1, 2, 3 and 4
1, 2 and 4
2, 3 and 4
2, 3, 4 and 5
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