Cells as the Basic Units of Living Organisms (CIE A Level Biology)

The photomicrograph shows a plant tissue. A student was asked to draw a diagram from this and annotate two observable features.

Which of the following would be the correct annotations for this diagram?

The sentence below describes a process and a cellular structure.

 Cells which have a high rate of ….1…. will have many ….2….. .

	1	2
A	facilitated diffusion	mitochondria
B	DNA replication	lysosomes
C	exocytosis	vesicles
D	phospholipid production	ribosomes

 

The diagram shows a cell that secretes glycoproteins. The cell is supplied with radioactively labelled sugar, this is detected in the first instance in the cytoplasm.

In which organelle would the radioactively-labelled glucose be detected after that?

Mucus is produced in the trachea by goblet cells. The following statements describe steps in this process.

1	Fusion of the vesicle with the plasma membrane.
2	Secretion of a glycoprotein.
3	Separation of a vesicle from the Golgi apparatus.
4	Addition of carbohydrate to protein.

 What is the correct order of these steps?

The list below contains structures that are all features of eukaryotic cells.

1	Nucleus
2	endoplasmic reticulum
3	Lysosome
4	Chloroplast
5	mitochondria

 Which of these structures will have a double membrane?

Membrane bound sacs containing the products of metabolism are produced by the endoplasmic reticulum.

Where are these products used?

Which of the following structures are found in photosynthetic prokaryotes?

1	cellulose wall
2	Mesosomes
3	Ribosomes
4	Chloroplasts
5	cell surface membrane

Which of observations would indicate that the student is observing a eukaryotic cell? 

	cytoplasm includes endoplasmic reticulum	protein molecules are associated with the DNA	ribosomes distributed through the cytoplasm
A	X	✓	X
B	X	X	X
C	✓	✓	✓
D	✓	X	✓

Key: ✓ = found in eukaryotes, X = not found in eukaryotes

In the diagram is a drawing of an electron micrograph.

Which structures have a double membrane surrounding them?

	lysosome	mitochondria	nucleus	Golgi apparatus	cytoplasm
A	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓
B	X	X	X	✓	X
C	X	✓	✓	X	X
D	✓	X	X	X	✓

Key: ✓ = found in eukaryotes, X = not found in eukaryotes

The diagram shows a typical plant cell.

Which of the cell components A, B, C or D would be present in prokaryotes?

The table below shows some of the structures found in four different types of cell.

	1	2	3	4
chloroplast centrioles cell wall Golgi apparatus large vacuole	✓ X ✓ ✓ ✓	X X ✓ ✓ ✓	X ✓ X ✓ X	X X ✓ X X

 Key: ✓ = present, X = absent

Which option (1, 2, 3 or 4) best matches the cell types below?

	1	2	3	4
A	ciliated epithelial cell	prokaryotic cell	root cortex cell	spongy mesophyll cell
B	spongy mesophyll cell	root cortex cell	ciliated epithelial cell	prokaryotic cell
C	root cortex cell	spongy mesophyll cell	prokaryotic cell	ciliated epithelial cell
D	prokaryotic cell	ciliated epithelial cell	spongy mesophyll cell	root cortex cell

Which row correctly describes the function and structure of a cellular structure?

	structure	function
A	membrane-bound sacs, arranged as a flattened sac	organises microtubules to produce the spindle
B	non-membrane bound cylindrical structures	packages hydrolytic enzymes used in cell
C	membrane-bound spherical structure	synthesizes polypeptides
D	membranes which surround an enclosed inner cavity	synthesises lipids

 

The diagram shows similarities between chloroplasts, mitochondria and typical prokaryotes.

Which row shows the correct relationship?

	1	2	3	4	5
A	mitochondria	70S ribosomes	chloroplasts	80S ribosomes	prokaryotes
B	mitochondria	70S ribosomes	chloroplasts	80S ribosomes	prokaryotes
C	chloroplasts	70S ribosomes	prokaryotes	80S ribosomes	mitochondria
D	chloroplasts	70S ribosomes	prokaryotes	70S ribosomes	mitochondria

 

A giant bacterium, Epulopiscium fishelsoni was discovered in 1985.

Which cell structure(s) would enable biologists to classify Epulopiscium as prokaryotic?

A cell which is actively growing is supplied with radioactive amino acids.

 Which cell component will show an increase in radioactivity first?

The basic structure of a virus is made up of a protein coat and genetic material.

 What is the name given to the protein coat?

The genome of a virus consists of:

The image below is an electron micrograph of an animal cell.

Which one of the options A to D, would be the site of protein modification and packaging?

The image below is an electron micrograph of an animal cell.

Which of the following will be produced in large quantities in the cell?

1	Glucose
2	RNA
3	ATP

Some mammalian tissue was homogenised and centrifuged. The biochemical activity of four of the fractions was investigated.

Which diagram shows a tissue with a high synthesis of messenger RNA?