Figure 1 below shows the effect of vaccination followed by infection with the same pathogen on antibody concentration in the blood.
Figure 1
Explain why the vaccine causes an increase in antibody concentration.
Figure 2 shows that when the individual is infected with the same pathogen a few months later, their antibody concentration increases more quickly. Explain why this is the case.
For a vaccination programme to eradicate a disease, enough people need to be vaccinated that the disease can no longer spread. State the name given to this level of immunity.
It can be difficult to reach the level of vaccination described in part c) above because some people are concerned about the use of vaccines. Give two reasons why people might have concerns around vaccination.
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