Doctors monitored the diets and lifestyles of 7,877 coronary heart disease (CHD) sufferers over a 20-year period. At a review point in the study, the doctors collected data on the typical dietary composition of each sufferer. The data were gathered into 4 groups. The results are shown in Table 1.
Table 1
Source of Energy / % of total diet
|
Group A
|
Group B
|
Group C
|
Group D
|
Carbohydrates, whole grain
|
64%
|
32%
|
52%
|
47%
|
Carbohydrates, refined starch / added sugars
|
14%
|
45%
|
27%
|
31%
|
Saturated fats
|
15%
|
14%
|
13%
|
3%
|
Unsaturated fats
|
5%
|
7%
|
6%
|
17%
|
Other
|
2%
|
2%
|
2%
|
2%
|
The doctors made an assessment of the likelihood of members of each group suffering from ongoing symptoms of CHD within the next 10 years. This data is represented in Figure 1.
Figure 1
Deduce which of the following dietary changes would make a stronger impact on the risk of recurrence of CHD:
- Switching from an ‘unhealthy’ carbohydrate intake to a ‘healthy’ one
- Switching from an ‘unhealthy’ fat intake to a ‘healthy’ one
Give evidence from Table 1 and Figure 1 to support your answer.