AQA A Level Biology
Exam Questions

Biological Molecules: Key Terms, Biological Molecules: Reactions, Monosaccharides, Glucose, The Glycosidic Bond, Chromatography: Monosaccharides, Disaccharides, Starch & Glycogen, Cellulose, Biochemical Tests: Sugars & Starch, Finding the Concentration of Glucose

Lipids, Triglyceride Function, Phospholipids, Biochemical Tests: Lipids, Lipid Diagrams & Properties

Amino Acids & the Peptide Bond, Chromatography: Amino Acids, Protein Structure & Function, Protein Interactions, Biochemical Tests: Proteins, Globular & Fibrous Proteins, The Molecular Structure of Haemoglobin, The Molecular Structure of Collagen

Many Proteins are Enzymes, Enzyme Specificity, How Enzymes Work, Required Practical: Measuring Enzyme Activity, Maths Skill: Drawing a Graph for Enzyme Rate Experiments, Maths Skill: Using a Tangent to Find Initial Rate of Reaction, Limiting Factors Affecting Enzymes: Temperature, Limiting Factors Affecting Enzymes: pH, Maths Skill: Calculating pH, Limiting Factors Affecting Enzymes: Enzyme Concentration, Limiting Factors Affecting Enzymes: Substrate Concentration, Limiting Factors Affecting Enzymes: Inhibitors, Models & Functions of Enzyme Action, Practical Skill: Controlling Variables & Calculating Uncertainty

The Function of DNA & RNA, Nucleotide Structure & the Phosphodiester Bond, The Structure of DNA, The Structure of RNA, Ribosomes, The Origins of Research on the Genetic Code, Semi-Conservative Replication, The Process of Semi-Conservative Replication, Calculating the Frequency of Nucleotide Bases, The Watson Crick Model

The Structure of ATP, Hydrolysis & Synthesis of ATP, The Properties of Water, Inorganic Ions

The Cell Theory, Structure of Eukaryotic Cells, Specialisation of Eukaryotic Cells, Eukaryotic Cell Organisation, Structure of Prokaryotic Cells, Prokaryotic v Eukaryotic Cells, Viruses

Methods of studying cells, Microscopy & Drawing Scientific Diagrams, Iodine Detects Starch Grains, Resolution & Magnification, Magnification Calculations, Cell Fractionation & Ultracentrifugation, Scientific Research into Cell Organelles

Interphase, Mitosis, The Stages of Mitosis, Cytokinesis, Recognising the Stages of Mitosis, Investigating Plant Root Tips, Uncontrolled Cell Division & Cancer, Binary Fission, Viral Particle Replication

The Structure of Cell Membranes, Components of Cell Surface Membranes, The Cell Surface Membrane, Diffusion, Osmosis, Osmosis in Plant Cells, Osmosis in Animal Cells, Comparing Osmosis in Animal & Plant Cells, Water Potential Calibration Curves, Active Transport & Co-transport, Adaptations for Rapid Transport, Specialised Cells, Factors Affecting Membrane Fluidity

Cell Recognition, Antigens, Phagocytosis, The T Lymphocyte Response, The Role of Antigen-Presenting Cells, The Role of Helper T cells, The B lymphocyte Response, Antibodies, Antigen-Antibody Complex, Plasma & Memory Cells

Vaccines, Active & Passive Immunity, HIV, AIDS, Monoclonal Antibodies, Ethical Issues with Vaccines & Monoclonal Antibodies, ELISA

Surface Area to Volume Ratio, Agar Blocks Practical, Adaptation to Facilitate Exchange, SA:V Ratio & Metabolic Rate, Adaptations of Gas Exchange Surfaces, Gas Exchange vs Water Loss

The Human Gas Exchange System, Dissecting the Gas Exchange System, Looking at the Gas Exchange under the Microscope, Three-way Taps, The Alveolar Epithelium, Ventilation & Gas Exchange, PVR, The Effects of Lung Disease, Pollution & Smoking, Evaluating Data on Lung Disease, Correlations & Causal Relationships - The Lungs

Digestion, Enzymes in Digestion, Enzyme Rate Practical, Mechanisms of Absorption, Visking Tubing Practical

Features of Mass Transport, Haemoglobin & Oxygen, The Role of Haemoglobin, The Oxygen Dissociation Curve, The Bohr Shift, Cardiac Output, Animal Adaptations For Their Environment

Mammalian Circulation, The Human Heart, The Walls of the Heart, The Cardiac Cycle, Investigating Heart Rate, Blood Vessels, Capillaries & Tissue Fluid, Interpreting Data on the Cardiovascular System, Correlations & Causal Relationships - The Heart, Required Practical: Dissecting Mass Transport Systems

Water Transport in the Xylem, Transpiration, Potometer, Movement in the Phloem, The Sucrose Loading Mechanism, The Mass Flow Hypothesis, Data on the Mass Flow Hypothesis, Tracer & Ringing Experiments

Prokaryotic DNA, Eukaryotic DNA, Mitochondria & Chloroplast DNA, Genes, Genetic Loci, The Triplet Code, Non-Coding DNA

The Genome, The Structure of RNA, Transcription, Eukaryotic Transcription, Translation, Nucleic Acid & Amino Acid Sequence Comparison

Genetic Mutations, Mutations in Chromosome Number, Meiosis, Meiosis in Animal & Plant cells, Meiosis: Sources of Genetic Variation, Meiosis Under a Microscope, The Outcomes & Processes of Mitosis & Meiosis

Genetic Diversity, Maths Skill: Using Logarithms When Investigating Bacteria, Natural Selection, Directional & Stabilising Selection, Environmental Adaption, Investigating Microbial Growth

Courtship, Phylogenetic Classification, Hierarchy of the Taxa, Evolutionary Relationships

Biodiversity Within a Community, Species Richness, Index of Diversity, Conservation & Farming, Investigating Diversity, Random Sampling, Quantitative Investigations of Variation, Mean & Standard Deviation, Genetic Relationships Between Organisms

Chloroplast Structures & their Functions, The Light Dependent Reaction, Photosynthetic Pigments, Using the Products of the Light Dependent Reaction, The Light-Independent Reaction, Limiting Factors of Photosynthesis, Investigating the Rate of Photosynthesis

Mitochondria & the Need for Energy, The Stages of Aerobic Respiration, Glycolysis, The Link Reaction, The Krebs Cycle, The Role of NAD & FAD, Oxidative Phosphorylation, Anaerobic Respiration, Investigating the Rate of Respiration

Primary Producers, Photosynthetic Products, Biomass, Gross Primary Production, Net Primary Production, Trophic Levels, Secondary Productivity, Calculating Productivity & Efficiency, Percentage Yield, The Effect of Farming

Nutrient Cycles, Practical Skill: Investigate the Effect of Minerals on Plant Growth, Microorganisms Role in Recycling Minerals, Fertilisers

Survival & Response, Growth Factors in Flowering Plants, Indoleacetic Acid (IAA), Taxis & Kinesis, Reflex Arcs, Causes of Animal Movement, The Pacinian Corpuscle, Generator Potential, Investigating Touch and Temperature Receptors, The Human Retina, Myogenic Stimulation of the Heart, Investigating Variables that Affect Heart Rate, The Autonomic Nervous System, Calculating Cardiac Output

Neurones, Resting Potentials, Nerve Impulses, The Refractory Period, Speed of Conduction of Impulses, Maths Skill: Calculating Maximum Impulse Frequency, Cholinergic Synapses, Transmission Across a Cholinergic Synapse, Drug Effects on Synapses, Neuromuscular Junctions

Muscle Pairs, The Structure of Skeletal Muscle, Examining Skeletal Muscle Under a Microscope, Muscular Contraction, Slow & Fast Skeletal Muscles, Investigating Muscle Fatigue

Principles of Homeostasis, Negative Feedback, Insulin, Glucagon, Adrenaline, Control of Blood Glucose Concentration, Diabetes, Calculating the Concentration of Glucose in Urine, The Structure of the Nephron, The Function of the Nephron, Control of Blood Water Potential

Key Terms in Genetics, Predicting Inheritance: Monohybrid Crosses, Predicting Inheritance: Dihybrid Crosses, Predicting Inheritance: Test Crosses, Investigating Genetic Ratios, The Chi-squared Test

Populations, Gene Pools & Allele Frequency, Hardy-Weinberg

Genetic Variation, Natural Selection, Selective Advantage, Types of Selection, Evolution, Reproductive Separation, Types of Speciation, Investigating the Effects of Random Sampling on Allele Frequencies

Communities, Abiotic & Biotic Factors, Carrying Capacity, Estimating the Size of a Population, Ecosystems, Succession, Growth Rate of Microorganisms, Conservation & Human Need, Investigating Species Distribution

Genetic Mutations, The Effect of Genetic Mutations

Totipotent Cells, Stem Cells, The Use of Stem Cells, Producing Tissue Cultures of Explants, Regulation of Transcription, Evaluating Data about Genetic Expression, Epigenetics, Epigenetics & Disease, RNA Interference, Two Types of Tumours, Tumour Development

Genome Sequencing Projects, Determining Protein Sequences, Non-Coding DNA & Regulatory Genes, Sequencing Methods

Recombinant DNA Technology, Producing Fragments of DNA, Investigating the Specificity of Restriction Enzymes, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Culture of Transformed Host Cells, Uses of Recombinant DNA Technology, DNA Probes & DNA Hybridisation, Screening Patients, Genetic Counselling & Personalised Medicine, Variable Number Tandem Repeats, Gel Electrophoresis, Genetic Fingerprinting, Uses of Genetic Fingerprinting