Scientific Research into Cell Organelles (AQA A Level Biology)

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Appreciating the Process of Distinguishing Organelles

  • When looking at a prepared sample (e.g. a cell or a group of cells) under a microscope, you can sometimes see things that aren’t actually part of the specimen
  • These are known as artefacts
  • Artefacts can be a variety of things, such as:
    • dust
    • air bubbles
    • fingerprints

  • These artefacts often occur during the preparation of a sample
    • During preparation, a sample is often squashed or stained, which can generate artefacts
    • The occurrence of artefacts can be decreased by more careful preparation of samples

  • Artefacts are common in electron micrographs (especially in samples prepared for viewing using a transmission electron microscope) due to the lengthy treatment required to prepare samples
  • This was particularly problematic for early research by scientists using the first electron microscopes
    • To distinguish between artefacts and organelles, they had to repeatedly prepare a specimen in different ways, using different techniques
    • If they saw a particular object in a specimen prepared using one preparation technique, but not another, the object was more likely to be an artefact than an organelle

  • This was a problem for the scientific community that persisted for a considerable period of time until preparation techniques and knowledge of organelles improved

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Lára

Author: Lára

Expertise: Biology Lead

Lára graduated from Oxford University in Biological Sciences and has now been a science tutor working in the UK for several years. Lára has a particular interest in the area of infectious disease and epidemiology, and enjoys creating original educational materials that develop confidence and facilitate learning.