Human Reproductive Systems (Edexcel IGCSE Biology: Double Science)

• The male reproductive system consists of several key components:
  • Prostate gland: Produces fluid called semen that provides sperm cells with nutrients
  • Sperm duct: Sperm passes through the sperm duct to be mixed with fluids produced by the glands before being passed into the urethra for ejaculation
  • Urethra: Tube running down the centre of the penis that can carry urine or semen. A ring of muscle in the urethra prevents them from mixing
  • Testis: Contained in a bag of skin (scrotum) and produces sperm (male gamete) and testosterone (hormone)
  • Scrotum: Sac supporting the testes outside the body to ensure sperm are kept at a temperature slightly lower than body temperature
  • Penis: Passes urine out of the body from the bladder and allows semen to pass into the vagina during sexual intercourse

Diagram of the male reproductive system

• The female reproductive system consists of several key components:
  • Oviducts: Connects ovary to the uterus, lined with ciliated cells to push released ovum, fertilisation occurs here
  • Ovaries: Contains ova (female gametes) that mature and develop when hormones are released
  • Uterus: Muscular bag with soft lining where fertilised egg (zygote) implants to develop into foetus
  • Cervix: Ring of muscle at the lower end of the uterus to keep the developing foetus in place during pregnancy
  • Vagina: Muscular tube leading to inside of woman's body, where male's penis enters and sperm are deposited during intercourse

Diagram of the female reproductive system